Radiator



Dec. 4, 1928. 1,694,004

N. DIAMANT RADIATOR Filed Dec. 5, 1925 Eig e' liii HGM-'H55 V5.5 ''IGIImme/s Dimm His Marmi Patented Dec. 4, 1928.

UNITED 'sTxrEsA ,PATENToFFIcB NICHOLAS DIAMANT, OF JAMESTOWN, NEW YORK,ASSIGNOR TO d'AMESTOWN CAR PARTS MFG. CO., ING., OF JAMESTOWN, NEWyYORK, A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK.y

RADIATOR.

Application filed December 3, 1923. Serial No. 678,10.A

the air and water and at the same time to vincrease the strength.- andthe stiffness ofV the radiator assembly. y

A further object of this invention is to provide a radiator having aplurality of substantially vert-ical strips, said strips being providedwith. indentations or protrusions to facilitate the flow4 of the waterthrough the water vconduitsand at the same time create a turbulence inthe air passing through the air conduits, whereby during the passage ofthe air each particle thereof'is Vbrought into intimate contact with thewalls of the conduits. e O V Other objects will appearfrom aconsideration of the following description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawing, which lforms a part thereof and in which Fig. 1 isa fragmentary front illustration of a radiator embodying one form ofthis invention; n g

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary ytransverse section of such radiator. i y

Fig. 3 is a plan View taken partly in section along the line 3 3 of Fig.2; l Figs. 4 andV 5 are longitudinal cross sections of wall stripsemployed in one embodiment of thisinvention; J

Fig. v6 is a similar view of a spacing strip; a

Fig. 7'is a similar View of another form of separator or spacing strip;

Fig. 8 is a side elevation ofl a portion of the wall strip shown in Fig.4f; f

Fig. `9p'is a similar side elevation of the `Separator strip shownin`Fig46. l i

It is well known thatfthe rate of heat 4eX- change is higher when theflow of the cooling medium is turbulent than when it isy more separatoror yor less tranquil or in a stream-line.v Thisv applies particularly inthe use of water, air or similar materials as cooling mediums.

However, it is not sufficient that the flow be made turbulent, but theiiow'of the cooling medium should be dynamically balanced, so that theenergy consumed in breaking up the flow' into eddies and thus ycausingturbulenceshall be less than the gain in the rate of heat exchange.Forexamplezjif the mouth of the air passage is reduced, it is possibleto set up in theair passage a violent turbulence due to the well knownprinciple of ,sudden expansion and this turbulence does perforceincrease the heat exchange several fold. However, the amountfof power orenergyrequired to force the air through the restricted openingV becomesso great that it overbalances the increase in heat exchange attained.Furthermore, anotherv point must be con sidered and that isthemaintenance, of a balance betvveen'the thermal and dynamiccharacteristics of the air passage. This is particularly desirable in aradiator of the type illustrated, in which there is apeculiartemperature distribution due to the factthat the wall strips are indirect contact with .the water-to` be cooled and their temperaturefishigher than that ofy theseparator or spacing strips, the temperature ofwhichwill be lower than Vthat of the wall strips since they derivetheirheat therefrom. Y Y

From this brief statement it will be observed that it is essential Vtoprovide eiiicient dynamic balance between the passage of the air and thepassage ofthe wat-er, so as to pro,- duce eddies and turbulence withoutunduly interfering with the iow of either air or water, and it isalsoessential-to obtainv a thermal and dynamic balance intheair passagessoy that the'velocity distributionand the tem perature distribution inthe air passages shall be such that the heat eXc-hangecapacity per unitsurface shall. attain a maximum value.

In order to obtain these results, I have pro` vided in the wall stripsand the separator or spacing stripsind'entations or projections of suchdimensions. that they yare easily 'embossed or stamped on the strips andare intee gral part-s thereof.' This is` the preferred form and undersoincvcircumstances the d1-v mensions of the indentations or projectionson the separator or spacing strips may such thatthe metal. ofthe stripsiscut or slit, longitudinally, i.. eQ, parallel tothe front face of theradiator. This location of -thevslits is permissible because-when 4so`rformed theyzvdo not interfere with the passage of the heat from theWall strips to the separator strips, whereas, if t-he cut orslit is madetransversely, it Will interfere with the flow of heat from y seriesofthin meta-l Wall-stri s 26, which 'also air conduits 24,25 usuallyunderthe in uenee act to form one wall ofthe air conduits. Referring to Fig.2, it will be noted that'thewater conduits 23 are formed `by the wallstri s 26 arranged in pairs, and that immediate y contacting With theouter faces of the Wall strips are separator or spacing strips 27, whichconstitute the other walls of the air conduits 24, 25. y

The structure and operation of aradiator of the particular embodimentshown, when used in connection with the engine of an automobile, areold, and need not be described in greater detail. It may be brieflystated, however, that the Water from the cooling system ofthe engineenters the tank 21 and Hows through the conduits 23 int-o the tank22,`from which it is returned to the engine. Thewater flows from thetank 21 to the tank 22 in a thin film or sheet and the air passing throuh the of a fan, acts upon the Wall strips 26, extract- Y ing heattherefrom and thereby reducing the temperature of the water.

These strips as illustrated in Figs. 4, 5, and

y 8, are of the 4general zig-zag type, disclosed in the patent toEllison, Serial 1.205,87 4, dated November 21st, 1916, having thefiattened portions 28 in Contact with the separator or spacing strips 27and the flattened portions 29 out of contact thereof. In the portions 29are provided a horizontal series of vertical indentations 30 as shown,for eXample, in Fig. 4. The advantages-of these indentations are twofold: first, to provide freer passages through the conduit for theWater;

and second, to increase the turbulence of the air in the conduits, aswill be described later. The indentations are formed only at intervalsand the greater part of the water follows the usual zig-zagv course.This construction increases the speed with which the Water passes fromthe tank 21 to the tank 22 and thus increases the etiiciency of theradiator.

The separator or spacing strips 27 are provided With a series ofproject-ions 31 arranged in pairs and se arated by flattened porti-ons32. These pro]ections may be made in any desired form, such as forexample, that shown in Fig. 6 in which the projections are in the formof domes, While, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 the projections 31Lare in the forin of truncated pyramids.

These project-ions are preferably arranged alternately in a horizontalplane while in a vertical plane the projections may be inthe samedirections as shown in Figs. 6 and 9, or in alternate directions, asshown in Fig. 7. Referring to the drawing, it Will be noted that in Fig.9 the projections 31 indicated by the numeral 33 are outward While thoseindicated by thenumeral 34 are inward. f

The side edges of the Wall strips 26 andthe separator or spacing' strips27 are provided with large bends 40 and small bends 41 such as are shownin the VEllison patent above mentioned, the angles of said bends beingof the same magnitude, and-facing in the same'direction. When assembled,the large bends in the side edges of veach late are nested in the smallbends of the ad) 3acent plate .and` are secured 'thereto throughout theentire length of the small bend.

The separator or spacing strips 27 are provided adjacent the side edgeswith attene'd portions 42, 43, which, as shown particularly in Fig. 1,coact with the flattened portions 28 and 29 of .the Wall strip 26 toconst-riet the mouths of the air conduits. The portions 42, 43 as shownparticularlyin Fig. 9 are adjacent both side edges andcause theappearance of the radiator to be the same from each side and increasethe strength and stiffness Vof the separator strips. The portions 42, 43with the projections 31 in the separator or spacing strips 27 and thereverse of the indentation 30 in the Wall strips 26 function to produceeddies in the air passing through the air conduits 24, 25 and thusincrease the turbulence thereof. The location and dimensions of theseeddy producing elements are, however, such that thermalI and dynamicbalance in the passages is secured by controlling the velocitydistribution and the itemperature distribution so as to attain maximumvalue for the radiator.

While certain einbodimentsof this invention have been shown anddescribed, I am not to be limited thereto since others may be madeWithout departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as setforth'in the following claims. v i

.It Will be understood moreover, that While the improvements whichconstitute my invention are illustrated as appliedto `a radiator of thetype shown in the Ellison atent above mentioned, they can be applie tocellular radiators of any type equally Well, and I am not to be limitedthereto other thanas set forth in the claims y Having thus set forth myinvention what I claim as new, and for which I desire protection byLetters Patent is: y

1. In a radiator, a series of zig-zag wall strips forming vertical Waterconduits, a

series of zig-zag separator" strips forming with said wall .stripshorizontal air conduits, said wall strips having indentations projectingaway from the water conduits and towards the air conduits and includedwithin the corrugations of the Wall strips, said indentations providingfreer passages for the water in said water conduits, and increasing theturbulence of the air passing through said air conduits.

9. A radiator comprising a seriesy of corrugated wall strips, two ofsaid wall strips being spaced apart to form a Water passagetherebetween, a series of corrugated metal division plates of singlethickness so arranged between adjacent walls of said water passage thatthe summits of the corrugations of said division plates cooperate withsaid wall strips to forni horizontal air conduits substantially diamondshaped and having protrusions therein projecting into said air conduits,said wall strips thereby providing freer passages for the water in saidwater conduits and increasing the turbulence of the air passing throughsaid air conduits.

In testimony whereof I have aiixed my signature,

NICHOLAS DIAMANT.

